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Adaptation: CSA involves adapting agricultural practices to changing climatic conditions. This includes developing resilient crop varieties, implementing water-saving techniques, adopting agroforestry practices, and employing soil conservation methods to withstand climate-related stresses such as droughts, floods, and extreme temperatures.

Mitigation: CSA also focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with agriculture. This involves implementing practices that enhance carbon sequestration in soils and vegetation, optimizing fertilizer use to minimize nitrogen oxide emissions, reducing methane emissions from livestock, and adopting renewable energy sources for farm operations.

Sustainability: CSA promotes sustainable agricultural practices that minimize environmental degradation and preserve natural resources for future generations. This includes promoting conservation agriculture techniques such as minimal tillage, cover cropping, and crop rotation to maintain soil health and fertility, as well as protecting biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Resilience-building: CSA aims to build resilience within agricultural systems to cope with climate variability and extreme weather events. This involves diversifying crops and livestock breeds, promoting integrated pest management practices, establishing early warning systems for weather-related risks, and enhancing farmers' capacity to adapt through training and knowledge exchange.

Food security: One of the primary goals of CSA is to ensure food security in the face of climate change. This entails improving agricultural productivity and income for smallholder farmers, enhancing access to markets and finance, and strengthening social safety nets to protect vulnerable populations from the impacts of climate-related shocks on food availability and prices.

Policy support: Governments, international organizations, and other stakeholders have a responsibility to support and promote climate-smart agriculture through policy frameworks, incentives, and investments. This includes integrating climate change considerations into agricultural policies, providing financial support for research and innovation, and facilitating knowledge-sharing and capacity-building among farmers and other stakeholders.